Reconfigurations of fundamental freedoms in the age of artificial intelligence: Surveillance, algorithmic power, and the crisis of the rule of law

Abstract

This article argues that the incorporation of artificial intelligence systems not only introduces risk to funda???? mental freedoms but also reconfigures their exercise in terms of surveillance, control, and algorithmic power. From a theoretical????analytical approach grounded in human rights and a critical ethical perspective, three dimensions are examined. The erosion of autonomy in the face of automated decision????making, the intensification of digital surveillance, and the reproduction of inequa???? lities through algorithmic bias. It is argued that these processes are not contingent but structural, revealing the insufficiency of traditional legal frameworks to gua???? rantee the rule of law in algorithmic environments. As a contribution, the article proposes the need for a norma???? tive reconfiguration that incorporates a critical unders???? tanding of technological power from a human rights perspective, recognizing that human dignity cannot be subordinated to the logic of technical optimization.